Name a potential ethical issue in the secondary use of health data for research and how it's mitigated.

Name a potential ethical issue in the secondary use of health data for research and how it's mitigated.

• A. Privacy risk and consent; mitigated by de-identification, governance, and IRB oversight.
• B. Billing fraud; mitigated by auditing.
• C. Data ownership disputes; mitigated by licensing.
• D. Data overload; mitigated by data reduction.

Answer: (A)